CIPROFLOXACIN

Antibacterial activity

Enteric gram-negative bacilli.
Limited gram-positive coverage.
No anaerobic coverage.

Pregnancy Risk Factor

Class C

Contraindication/Precaution

Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, other quinolones or any component
Do not use if pregnancy/lactating patient
Use caution if CNS/seizure disorder

Mechanism of Action

Prevents supercoiling of nucleic acids of bacteria.

Pharmacodynamics

Metabolism: Partially metabolized in the liver.
Half-life: 4 hours.
Elimination: 50% renal, 40% biliary.

Dosage

Children: (with exception of Cystic Fibrosis, not approved under 18 years old)

> 28 days old: 20-30 mg/kg/d PO div bid (max 1.5 g/d)

Adults:

PO: 250-750 mg q12h
IV: 200-400 mg q8-12h

Ophthalmic: 

Children/adults:
1-2 drops  q2h while awake for 2 days then 
1-2 drops q4h while awake for  5 days

Dose VS renal function

Cr. clearance: ml/min
<10: q24h 10-50: PO: 250-500 mg q12h; IV: q12-24h 50-80: unchanged >80: unchanged
Dialysis
Hemo: 50% of normal dose q12h
CAPD: 50% of normal dose q8h